SUMMARY TABLES OF THE NEAR EAST REGION

TABLE 1
Sub-regional distribution of the renewable water resources
	Area	Population '95	Annual precipitation		Annual internal renewable water resources
Region	thousand km^2	thousand inhabitants	mm	km^3	mm	km^3	as % of precipitation	m^3 per inhabitant
Maghreb	5 777	71 544	86	495	8	48	9.8	677
North-eastern Africa	4 168	100 856	306	1 275	10	43	3.4	427
Arabian Peninsula	3 103	39 110	79	246	2	8	3.1	197
Middle East	1 512	106 635	421	637	162	245	38.4	2 294
Central Asia	3 926	243 316	304	1 195	138	541	45.3	2 226
Total Near East	18 486	561 461	208	3 848	48	885	23.0	1 577
World	134 223	5 716 407	820	110 000	298	40 000	36.4	7 000
N. East as % of world	13.8	9.8		3.5		2.2		22.5

Note: Rainfall figures have been estimated for Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan

TABLE 2

Countries with IRWR below 500 m^3/inhab. per year (1995)
Country	Internal renewable water resources per inhabitant m^3/year	Actual renewable water resources per inhabitant m^3/year
Countries with IRWR < 500 and ARWR < 500:
Kuwait	0	13
Bahrain	7	206
Malta	42	42
United Arab Emirates	79	79
Qatar	93	96
Libya	111	111
Jordan	124	161
Saudi Arabia	134	134
Yemen	283	283
Tunisia	396	463
Oman	455	455
Countries with IRWR < 500 and ARWR > 500:
Egypt	29	926
Mauritania	176	5 013
Turkmenistan	244	17 321
Syria	477	1 791
Algeria	498	512

TABLE 3
Countries with a renewable water resources dependency ratio above 50%
Country	Internal Renewable water resources million m3/year	Actual Renewable water resources million m3/year	Dependency ratio* %	Main source of incoming water
Kuwait	0	20	100.0	Groundwater from Saudi Arabia
Turkmenistan	1 000	71 000	98.6	Amu Darya river
Egypt	1 800	58 300	96.9	Nile river
Bahrain	4	116	96.6	Groundwater from Saudi Arabia
Mauritania	400	11 400	96.5	Senegal river
Syria	7 000	26 260	80.3	Euphrates, Tigris rivers
Sudan	35 000	88 500	77.3	Nile river
Somalia	6 000	15 740	61.9	Shebelli, Juba rivers
Iraq	35 200	75 420	53.3	Euphrates, Tigris rivers

• The dependency ratio is equal to the part of the renewable water resources which originates outside the country

TABLE 4
Sub-regional distribution of water withdrawal
Region	Water withdrawal by sector							%	m^3/year
	agricultural		domestic		industrial		total	by	per
	km^3	% of	km^3	% of	km^3	% of	km^3	region	inhabitant
	per year	total	per year	total	per year	total	per year		(1993)
Maghreb	21.1	85	2.5	10	1.2	5	24.8	4.8	363
North-eastern Africa	65.0	88	3.9	5	4.8	7	73.7	14.4	764
Arabian Peninsula	21.2	87	2.6	11	0.5	2	24.3	4.8	659
Middle East	77.7	85	7.7	8	6.0	7	91.4	17.8	907
Central Asia	282.9	95	8.3	3	7.0	2	298.2	58.2	1 302
Total Near East	467.9	91	25.0	5	19.5	4	512.4	100.0	964
World 1990	2 235.6	69	259.2	8	745.2	23	3 240.0		660
N. East as % of world	20.9		9.6		2.6		15.8		146

TABLE 5
Sub-regional water withdrawal as % of IRWR
	Water withdrawal
Region	total	as % of
	km^3/year	IRWR
Maghreb	24.8	51
North-eastern Africa	73.7	171
Arabian Peninsula	24.3	317
Middle East	91.4	37
Central Asia	298.2	55
Total	512.4	58

TABLE 6
Countries with total water withdrawal greater than the internal renewable water resources and contribution of other sources of water to total water withdrawal
Country	Water withdrawal		Use of non-conventional water and groundwater depletion as % of total water withdrawal
	in % of IRWR	in % of ARWR	non- conventional	groundwater depletion	total
Countries with water withdrawal above IRWR, but below ARWR
Egypt	3 061	95	0.4	2.5	2.9
Turkmenistan	2 280	32	-	-	-
Mauritania	408	14	0.1	-	-
Syria	206	55	2.6	12.6	15.2
Iraq	122	57	-	-	-
Countries with water withdrawal above IRWR and above ARWR
Kuwait	IRWR negligible	2 690	52.6	46.5 *	91.1
Bahrain	5 981	206	21.8	40.2	62.0
United Arab Emirates	1 405	1405	23.4	70.9	94.3
Libya	767	767	3.7	90.0 *	93.7
Saudi Arabia	709	709	5.5	79.7	85.2
Qatar	559	538	43.5	14.9	58.4
Malta	359	359	59.2	32.2	91.4
Jordan	145	112	5.3	17.5	22.8
Oman	124	124	4.9	-	-
* Figures have been estimated

TABLE 7
Countries using the largest quantities of desalinated water and treated wastewater
	Use of non-conventional sources of water
Country	desalinated water	as % of total	as % of withdrawal	treated wastewater	as % of total	as % of withdrawal	total non-conventional	as % of total	as % of withdrawal
	10^6 m^3/yr	withdr.	of country	10^6 m^3/yr	withdr.	of country	10^6 m^3/yr	withdr.	of country
Saudi Arabia	714	41.3	4.20	217	18.1	1.28	931	31.8	5.48
United Arab Emirates	385	22.3	18.26	108	9.0	5.12	493	16.8	23.38
Kuwait	231	13.4	42.94	52	4.3	9.67	283	9.7	52.61
Syria	-	-	-	370	30.8	2.57	370	12.6	2.57
Egypt	25	1.5	0.05	200	16.7	0.36	225	7.7	0.41
Other 24 countries	372	21.5	0.09	253	21.1	0.06	625	21.4	0.15
Total Near East	1 727	100.0	0.34	1 200	100.0	0.23	2 927	100.0	0.57

TABLE 8
Sub-regional distribution of water management methods
	Irrigation						Flood	Water
Region	full or partial control	spate irrigation	equipped wetl./ivb*	total irrigation	as % of total	as % of cultivated	recession cropping	managed area
	ha	ha	ha	ha	total	cultivated	ha	ha
Maghreb	2 412 900	305 000	0	2 717 900	6	16	64 000	2 781 900
N-eastern Africa	5 196 674	196 200	0	5 392 874	11	46	0	5 392 874
Arabian Peninsula	2 139 887	98 320	0	2 238 207	5	80	0	2 238 207
Middle East	8 801 127	393	115 164	8 916 684	19	30	0	8 916 684
Central Asia	27 067 534	1 402 448	0	28 469 982	59	75	1 240 552	29 710 534
Total Near East	45 618 122	2 002 361	115 164	47 735 647	100	48	1 304 552	49 040 199
	93%	4%	-	97%			3%	100%
World				246 408 529
NE as % of world				19.4%
* ivb = inland valley bottom

TABLE 9
Origin of irrigation water by sub-region
	Full or partial control irrigation: area equipped in hectares
Region	Surface Water	%  of total	groundwater (renewable and fossil)	% of total	non- conventional water	% of total	total area
Maghreb	1 037 649	43.0	1 355 251	56.2	20 000	0.8	2 412 900
North-eastern Africa	4 969 800	95.6	222 674	4.3	4 200	0.1	5 196 674
Arabian Peninsula	51 000	2.4	2 066 874	96.6	22 013	1.0	2 139 887
Middle East	7 198 091	81.8	1 598 856	18.2	4 180	(-)	8 801 127
Central Asia	17 865 132	66.0	9 202 402	34.0	0	0.0	27 067 534
Total	31 121 672	68.2	14 446 057	31.7	50 393	0.1	45 618 122
Note: Figures for Algeria, Libya, Somalia and Turkmenistan have been estimated on the basis of sub-regional trends

TABLE 10
Sub-regional distribution of the main irrigated crops (based on partial information)
Region (unit: '000 ha)	wheat	other cereals *	fodder crops	vege-tables **	cotton	other annual ***	perma- nent crops	total
Maghreb	158	507	125	573	16	179	464	2 022
	8%	25%	6%	28%	1%	9%	23%	100%
N-eastern Africa	1 077	2 024	1 098	409	704	858	386	6 556
	16%	31%	17%	6%	11%	13%	6%	100%
Arabian Peninsula	916	243	323	178	13	23	326	2 022
	45%	12%	16%	9%	1%	1%	16%	100%
Middle East	784	576	38	307	408	396	197	2 706
	29%	21%	1%	11%	15%	15%	7%	100%
Central Asia	10 331	3 769	1 187	896	3 846	846	1 615	22 490
	46%	17%	5%	4%	17%	4%	7%	100%
Total Near East	13 226	7 119	2 771	2 363	4 987	2 302	2 988	35 796
	37%	20%	8%	7%	14%	6%	8%	100%
* total includes 3 449 000 ha rice, 1 143 000 ha maize, 945 000 ha barley and 568 000 ha sorghum
** total includes 225 000 ha tubers (mainly potatoes) and 374 000 ha pulses
*** total includes 386 000 ha sugar cane, 286 000 ha oil crops (exc. olives) and 168 000 ha sugar beet

TABLE 11
Land use and irrigation potential in the Near East Region
	Area of the	Cultivable	Cultivated area				Irrigation potential
COUNTRY	country	area	Year	total	annual	permanent	**	as % of
	ha	ha		ha	ha	ha	ha	cultivable
	(1)	(2)		(3)=(4)+(5)	(4)	(5)	(6)	100*(6)/(2)
AFGHANISTAN	65 209 000	8 000 000	1990	3 344 000	3 200 000	144 000	-	-
ALGERIA	238 174 000	10 742 000	1993	3 372 000	2 841 600	530 400	730 000	6,8
BAHRAIN	69 526	4 230	1994	3 165	1 483	1 682	4 230	100,0
CYPRUS *	925 000	165 433	1994	111 649	69 509	42 140	36 807	22,2
DJIBOUTI	2 320 000	6 000	1989	407	357	50	1 000	16,7
EGYPT	100 145 000	-	1993	3 246 000	2 862 960	383 040	4 435 000	-
IRAN	164 800 000	51 000 000	1993	14 382 418	12 732 418	1 650 000	15 000 000	29,4
IRAQ	43 832 000	11 480 000	1993	3 731 300	3 462 800	268 500	5 554 000	48,4
JORDAN	8 921 000	381 740	1991	214 767	120 077	94 690	85 000	22,3
KUWAIT	1 782 000	25 000	1994	4 770	4 320	450	25 000	100,0
KYRGYZSTAN	19 850 000	-	1990	1 323 400	1 282 800	40 600	2 247 300	-
LEBANON	1 040 000	360 000	1994	189 206	104 120	85 086	177 500	49,3
LIBYA	175 954 000	3 800 000	1987	2 278 648	1 933 648	345 000	750 000	19,7
MALTA	31 600	10 721	1991	10 721	10 091	630	2 000	18,7
MAURITANIA	102 552 000	20 129 689	1989	204 000	199 000	5 000	170 000	0,8
MOROCCO	44 650 000	8 000 000	1993	7 232 700	6 568 300	664 400	1 653 000	20,7
OMAN	31 250 000	2 200 000	1993	61 550	18 550	43 000	-	-
PAKISTAN	79 610 000	29 900 000	1990	16 556 000	16 100 000	456 000	-	-
QATAR	1 100 000	28 000	1994	8 312	5 987	2 325	-	-
SAUDI ARABIA	214 969 000	52 684 000	1992	1 608 000	1 512 500	95 500	-	-
SOMALIA	63 766 000	8 150 000	1984	998 000	980 000	18 000	240 000	2,9
SUDAN	250 581 000	105 000 000	1995	7 600 000	7 350 000	250 000	2 784 000	2,7
SYRIA	18 518 000	5 939 047	1993	4 938 670	4 266 256	672 414	1 250 000	21,0
TAJIKISTAN	14 310 000	-	1992	812 000	756 000	56 000	1 570 000	-
TUNISIA	16 361 000	8 700 000	1993	4 254 600	2 180 800	2 073 800	563 000	6,5
TURKEY	77 945 000	28 054 000	1991	20 480 000	17 450 000	3 030 000	8 500 000	30,3
TURKMENISTAN	48 810 000	-	1993	1 480 000	1 400 000	80 000	-	-
UNITED ARAB EM.	8 360 000	66 682	1993	54 512	21 683	32 829	66 682	100,0
YEMEN	52 797 000	3 617 753	1994	1 052 786	852 786	200 000	-	-
NEAR EAST REGION	1 848632 126			99 553 581	88 288 045	11 265 536
for 25 countries		358 444 295
* Cyprus: The figure for area of the country refers to the whole island; other figures refer to the government controlled area.
** Irrigation potential: Figures on irrigation potential cannot be totalled due to possible double counting of shared water resoruces.

TABLE 12
Population in the Near East Region
	POPULATION 1995
COUNTRY	TOTAL			URBAN		RURAL
	inhabitants	% of	inh/km^2	inhabitants	%	inhabitants	%
	(1)	total	(2)	(3)	100*(3)/(1)	(4)	100*(4)/(1)
AFGHANISTAN	20 141 000	3,59	31	4 026 000	20,0	16 115 000	80,0
ALGERIA	27 939 000	4,98	12	15 591 000	55,8	12 348 000	44,2
BAHRAIN	564 000	0,10	811	509 000	90,2	55 000	9,8
CYPRUS *	742 000	0,13	80	401 000	54,0	341 000	46,0
DJIBOUTI	577 000	0,10	25	478 000	82,8	99 000	17,2
EGYPT	62 931 000	11,21	63	28 170 000	44,8	34 761 000	55,2
IRAN	67 283 000	11,98	41	39 716 000	59,0	27 567 000	41,0
IRAQ	20 449 000	3,64	47	15 258 000	74,6	5 191 000	25,4
JORDAN	5 463 000	0,97	61	3 904 000	71,5	1 559 000	28,5
KUWAIT	1 547 000	0,28	87	1 501 000	97,0	46 000	3,0
KYRGYZSTAN	4 745 000	0,85	24	1 848 000	38,9	2 897 000	61,1
LEBANON	3 009 000	0,54	289	2 622 000	87,1	387 000	12,9
LIBYA	5 407 000	0,96	3	4 649 000	86,0	758 000	14,0
MALTA	366 000	0,07	1 158	327 000	89,3	39 000	10,7
MAURITANIA	2 274 000	0,41	2	1 224 000	53,8	1 050 000	46,2
MOROCCO	27 028 000	4,81	61	13 071 000	48,4	13 957 000	51,6
OMAN	2 163 000	0,39	7	285 000	13,2	1 878 000	86,8
PAKISTAN	140 947 000	25,10	177	48 742 000	34,6	92 205 000	65,4
QATAR	551 000	0,10	50	503 000	91,3	48 000	8,7
SAUDI ARABIA	17 880 000	3,18	8	14 340 000	80,2	3 540 000	19,8
SOMALIA	9 250 000	1,65	15	2 382 000	25,8	6 868 000	74,2
SUDAN	28 098 000	5,00	11	6 915 000	24,6	21 183 000	75,4
SYRIA	14 661 000	2,61	79	7 676 000	52,4	6 985 000	47,6
TAJIKISTAN	6 101 000	1,09	43	1 964 000	32,2	4 137 000	67,8
TUNISIA	8 896 000	1,58	54	5 093 000	57,3	3 803 000	42,7
TURKEY	61 945 000	11,03	79	42 598 000	68,8	19 347 000	31,2
TURKMENISTAN	4 099 000	0,73	8	1 839 000	44,9	2 260 000	55,1
UNITED ARAB EM.	1 904 000	0,34	23	1 600 000	84,0	304 000	16,0
YEMEN	14 501 000	2,58	27	4 877 000	33,6	9 624 000	66,4
NEAR EAST REGION	561 461 000	100.00	30	272 109 000	48,5	289 352 000	51,5
* Cyprus: Figures refer to the whole island

TABLE 13
Renewable water resources in the Near East Region
	ANNUAL AVERAGE		ANNUAL RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES
COUNTRY	PRECIPITATION		internal		total natural	total actual		Dependency
	mm	million m^3	million m^3	m^3 per	million m^3	million m^3	m^3per	ratio
				inhabitant '95			inhabitant '95	%
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
AFGHANISTAN	-	-	55 000	2 731	65 000	65 000	3 227	15,4
ALGERIA	68	162 900	13 900	498	14 300	14 300	512	2,8
BAHRAIN	70	49	4	7	116	116	206	96,6
CYPRUS *	503	4 650	900	1 213	900	900	1 213	0,0
DJIBOUTI	147	3 400	300	520	300	300	520	0,0
EGYPT	18	18 100	1 800	29	86 800	58 300	926	96,9
IRAN	252	415 300	128 500	1 910	137 510	137 510	2 044	6,6
IRAQ	154	67 700	35 200	1 721	96 420	75 420	3 688	53,3
JORDAN	94	8 430	680	124	880	880	161	22,7
KUWAIT	176	3 140	0	0	20	20	13	100,0
KYRGYZSTAN	316	62 730	47 230	9 954	47 230	11 600	2 445	0,0
LEBANON	827	8 600	4 800	1 595	4 837	4 407	1 465	0,8
LIBYA	26	46 100	600	111	600	600	111	0,0
MALTA	524	166	16	42	16	16	42	0,0
MAURITANIA	99	101 900	400	176	11 400	11 400	5 013	96,5
MOROCCO	336	150 000	30 000	1 110	30 000	30 000	1 110	0,0
OMAN	54	17 000	985	455	985	985	455	0,0
PAKISTAN	494	393 300	248 000	1 760	429 370	418 270	2 968	40,7
QATAR	75	825	51	93	53	53	96	3,8
SAUDI ARABIA	59	126 800	2 400	134	2 400	2 400	134	0,0
SOMALIA	253	161 300	6 000	649	15 740	15 740	1 702	61,9
SUDAN	436	1 092 600	35 000	1 246	154 000	88 500	3 150	77,3
SYRIA	252	46 600	7 000	477	46 080	26 260	1 791	80,3
TAJIKISTAN	-	-	61 800	10 129	81 800	39 500	6 474	24,5
TUNISIA	207	33 900	3 520	396	4 120	4 120	463	14,6
TURKEY	643	501 200	196 000	3 164	200 700	183 762	2 967	1,8
TURKMENISTAN	-	-	1 000	244	71 000	71 000	17 321	98,6
UNITED ARAB EM.	100	8 360	150	79	150	150	79	0,0
YEMEN	170	89 800	4 100	283	4 100	4 100	283	0,0
NEAR EAST REGION			885 336	1 577
for 26 countries	205	3 524 850
* Cyprus: Figures refer to the whole island

TABLE 14
Water withdrawal in the Near East Region
	ANNUAL WATER WITHDRAWAL									as % of	as % of
COUNTRY		agricultural		domestic		industrial		total	m^3 per **	internal	total actual
	Year	million m^3	%	million m^3	%	million m^3	%	million m^3	inhabitant	renewable	renewable
		(1)		(2)		(3)		(4)=(1)+(2)+(3)	(5)	water res.	water res.
AFGHANISTAN	1987	25 849,0	99	261,0	1	0,0	0	26 110,0	1 702	47	40
ALGERIA	1990	2 700,0	60	1 120,0	25	680,0	15	4 500,0	180	32	31
BAHRAIN	1991	135,1	56	94,3	39	9,9	4	239,2	465	5980	206
CYPRUS *	1993	156,0	74	50,0	24	5,0	2	211,0	331	[23]	[23]
DJIBOUTI	1985	6,5	87	1,0	13	0,0	0	7,5	20	3	3
EGYPT	1993	47 400,0	86	3 100,0	6	4 600,0	8	55 100,0	913	3061	95
IRAN	1993	64 155,0	92	4 395,0	6	1 484,0	2	70 034,0	1 091	55	51
IRAQ	1990	39 380,0	92	1 280,0	3	2 140,0	5	42 800,0	2 367	122	57
JORDAN	1993	737,0	75	214,0	22	33,0	3	984,0	246	145	112
KUWAIT	1994	324,0	60	201,0	37	13,0	2	538,0	348	IRWR negligible	2690
KYRGYZSTAN	1990	10 465,0	95	259,0	2	312,0	3	11 036,0	2 527	23	95
LEBANON	1994	875,0	68	368,0	28	50,0	4	1 293,0	444	27	29
LIBYA	1994	4 000,0	87	500,0	11	100,0	2	4 600,0	880	767	767
MALTA	1995	6,6	12	48,6	87	0,5	1	55,7	152	348	359
MAURITANIA	1985	1 499,6	92	101,1	6	29,3	2	1 630,0	923	408	14
MOROCCO	1991	10 180,0	92	543,0	5	322,0	3	11 045,0	436	37	37
OMAN	1991	1 148,0	94	56,0	5	19,0	2	1 223,0	728	124	124
PAKISTAN	1991	150 600,0	97	2 500,0	2	2 500,0	2	155 600,0	1 277	63	37
QATAR	1994	210,6	74	65,9	23	8,4	3	284,9	528	559	538
SAUDI ARABIA	1992	15 308,0	90	1 517,0	9	193,0	1	17 018,0	1 040	709	709
SOMALIA	1987	785,7	97	24,3	3	0,0	0	810,0	99	14	5
SUDAN	1995	16 800,0	94	800,0	4	200,0	1	17 800,0	633	51	20
SYRIA	1993	13 600,0	94	530,0	4	280,0	2	14 410,0	1 017	206	55
TAJIKISTAN	1989	11 088,0	88	630,0	5	882,0	7	12 600,0	2 065	20	32
TUNISIA	1990	2 727,5	89	261,4	9	86,1	3	3 075,0	382	87	75
TURKEY	1992	22 900,0	72	5 200,0	16	3 500,0	11	31 600,0	541	16	17
TURKMENISTAN	1989	20 748,0	91	228,0	1	1 824,0	8	22 800,0	6 346	2280	32
UNITED ARAB EM.	1995	1 408,0	67	500,0	24	200,0	9	2 108,0	1 107	1405	1405
YEMEN	1990	2 700,0	92	201,0	7	31,0	1	2 932,0	251	72	72
NEAR EAST REGION		467 892.6	91	25 049,6	5	19 502,1	4	512 444.3	964	58
* Cyprus: Figures for water withdrawal refer to the government controlled area; figures for water resources refer to the whole island.
** Annual water withdrawal per inhabitant. The figure for the whole region refers to the population in 1993

TABLE 15
Use of non-conventional sources of water in the Near East Region
	Total water		Desalinated		Reused treated		Use of desalinated water
COUNTRY	withdrawal		water		wastewater		and treated wastewater
		million m^3		million m^3		million m^3	million m^3	as % of total
	Year	per year	Year	per year	Year	per year	per year	withdrawal
		(1)		(2)		(3)	(4)=(2)+(3)	100*(4)/(1)
AFGHANISTAN	1987	26 110,0		-		-	-	-
ALGERIA	1990	4 500,0	1990	64,00		-	64,00	1,422
BAHRAIN	1991	239,2	1991	44,10	1991	8,03	52,13	21,793
CYPRUS *	1993	211,0		-	1995	11,00	11,00	5,213
DJIBOUTI	1985	7,5	1990	0,10		-	0,10	1,333
EGYPT	1993	55 100,0	1990	25,00	1993	200,00	225,00	0,408
IRAN	1993	70 034,0	1991	2,90		-	2,90	0,004
IRAQ	1990	42 800,0		-		-	-	-
JORDAN	1993	984,0	1993	2,00	1991	50,30	52,30	5,315
KUWAIT	1994	538,0	1993	231,00	1994	52,00	283,00	52,602
KYRGYZSTAN	1990	11 036,0		-	1990	9,00	9,00	0,082
LEBANON	1994	1 293,0		-	1991	2,00	2,00	0,155
LIBYA	1994	4 600,0	1994	70,00	1990	100,00	170,00	3,696
MALTA	1995	55,7	1995	31,40	1993	1,56	32,96	59,174
MAURITANIA	1985	1 630,0	1990	1,70		-	1,70	0,104
MOROCCO	1991	11 045,0	1992	3,40		-	3,40	0,031
OMAN	1991	1 223,0	1995	34,00	1991	26,00	60,00	4,906
PAKISTAN	1991	155 600,0		-		-	-	-
QATAR	1994	284,9	1995	98,60	1994	25,20	123,80	43,454
SAUDI ARABIA	1992	17 018,0	1995	714,00	1992	217,00	931,00	5,471
SOMALIA	1987	810,0	1990	0,10		-	0,10	0,012
SUDAN	1995	17 800,0	1990	0,40		-	0,40	0,002
SYRIA	1993	14 410,0		-	1993	370,00	370,00	2,568
TAJIKISTAN	1989	12 600,0		-		-	-	-
TUNISIA	1990	3 075,0	1990	8,30	1993	20,00	28,30	0,920
TURKEY	1992	31 600,0	1990	0,50		-	0,50	0,002
TURKMENISTAN	1989	22 800,0		-		-	-	-
UNITED ARAB EM.	1995	2 108,0	1995	385,00	1995	108,00	493,00	23,387
YEMEN	1990	2 932,0	1989	10,00	1992	-	10,00	0,341
NEAR EAST REGION		512 444.3		1 726,50		1 200,09	2 926,59	0,571
* Cyprus: The figure for total water withdrawal refers to the government controlled area; other figures refer to the whole island.

TABLE 16
Types of water control in the Near East Region
	IRRIGATION							Flood	Total
COUNTRY	Year	full or partial	spate	equipped	total	as % of	as % of	recession	water
		control		wetl./ivb		cultivated	irrigation	cropping	managed
		ha	ha	ha	ha	area	potential	ha	ha
		(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)=(1)+(2)+(3)	**	***	(5)	(6)=(4)+(5)
AFGHANISTAN	1967	2 385 740	-	-	2 385 740	71,3	-	-	2 385 740
ALGERIA	1992	445 500	110 000	-	555 500	16,5	76,1	-	555 500
BAHRAIN	1994	3 165	-	-	3 165	100,0	74,8	-	3 165
CYPRUS *	1994	39 545	393	-	39 938	35,8	108,5	-	39 938
DJIBOUTI	1989	674	-	-	674	165,6	67,4	-	674
EGYPT	1993	3 246 000	-	-	3 246 000	100,0	73,2	-	3 246 000
IRAN	1993	7 264 194	-	-	7 264 194	50,5	48,4	10 000	7 274 194
IRAQ	1990	3 525 000	-	-	3 525 000	94,5	63,5	-	3 525 000
JORDAN	1991	64 300	-	-	64 300	29,9	75,6	-	64 300
KUWAIT	1994	4 770	-	-	4 770	100,0	19,1	-	4 770
KYRGYZSTAN	1990	1 072 600	-	-	1 072 600	81,0	47,7	-	1 072 600
LEBANON	1993	87 500	-	-	87 500	46,2	49,3	-	87 500
LIBYA	1990	470 000	-	-	470 000	20,6	62,7	-	470 000
MALTA	1990	763	-	-	763	7,1	38,2	-	763
MAURITANIA	1994	49 200	-	-	49 200	24,1	28,9	64 000	113 200
MOROCCO	1989	1 093 200	165 000	-	1 258 200	17,4	76,1	-	1 258 200
OMAN	1993	61 550	-	-	61 550	100,0	-	-	61 550
PAKISTAN	1990	14 327 000	1 402 448	-	15 729 448	95,0	-	1 230 552	16 960 000
QATAR	1993	12 520	-	-	12 520	150,6	-	-	12 520
SAUDI ARABIA	1992	1 608 000	-	-	1 608 000	100,0	-	-	1 608 000
SOMALIA	1984	50 000	150 000	-	200 000	20,0	83,3	-	200 000
SUDAN	1995	1 900 000	46 200	-	1 946 200	25,6	69,9	-	1 946 200
SYRIA	1993	1 013 273	-	-	1 013 273	20,5	81,1	-	1 013 273
TAJIKISTAN	1992	718 000	-	-	718 000	88,4	45,7	-	718 000
TUNISIA	1991	355 000	30 000	-	385 000	9,0	68,4	-	385 000
TURKEY	1994	4 070 746	-	115 164	4 185 910	20,4	49,2	-	4 185 910
TURKMENISTAN	1993	1 300 000	-	-	1 300 000	87,8	-	-	1 300 000
UNITED ARAB EM.	1995	66 682	-	-	66 682	122,3	100,0	-	66 682
YEMEN	1994	383 200	98 320	-	481 520	45,7	-	-	481 520
NEAR EAST REGION		45 618 122	2 002 361	115 164	47 735 647	47,9		1 304 552	49 040 199
* Cyprus: Figures refer to the government controlled area.
** Djibouti, Qatar, United Arab Emirates: Total area equipped for irrigation is larger than total cultivated area. No cultivation is possible without irrigation, but not all the equipped area is actually irrigated.
*** Cyprus: Total area equipped for irrigation is larger than irrigation potential. Due to the increasing need for water for other purposes in the future, the area under irrigation (potential) will have to be reduced.

TABLE 17
Full or partial control irrigation techniques in the Near East Region
	FULL OR PARTIAL CONTROL IRRIGATION : Equipped area					% of equipped
COUNTRY	Year	surface	sprinkler	micro	total	area actually
		ha	ha	ha	ha	irrigated
		(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)=(1)+(2)+(3)	(5)
AFGHANISTAN	1967	-	114 000	-	2 385 740	-
ALGERIA	1992	-	40 000	-	445 500	82,2
BAHRAIN	1994	2 497	130	538	3 165	100,0
CYPRUS *	1994	1 977	1 977	35 591	39 545	83,6
DJIBOUTI	1989	-	-	-	674	60,4
EGYPT	1993	3 046 000	117 000	83 000	3 246 000	100,0
IRAN	1993	7 173 494	47 200	43 500	7 264 194	100,0
IRAQ	1990	-	-	8 000	3 525 000	54,9
JORDAN	1991	20 300	5 700	38 300	64 300	-
KUWAIT	1994	3 020	600	1 150	4 770	100,0
KYRGYZSTAN	1990	931 588	141 000	12	1 072 600	-
LEBANON	1993	53 500	21 000	13 000	87 500	-
LIBYA	1990	0	470 000	0	470 000	51,1
MALTA	1990	113	150	500	763	94,8
MAURITANIA	1994	-	-	-	49 200	54,4
MOROCCO	1989	986 000	103 200	4 000	1 093 200	-
OMAN	1993	57 820	1 640	2 090	61 550	100,0
PAKISTAN	1990	-	-	-	14 327 000	-
QATAR	1993	-	-	-	12 520	66,4
SAUDI ARABIA	1992	547 000	1 029 000	32 000	1 608 000	100,0
SOMALIA	1984	-	-	-	50 000	-
SUDAN	1995	-	-	-	1 900 000	63,2
SYRIA	1993	981 273	30 000	2 000	1 013 273	-
TAJIKISTAN	1992	-	-	-	718 000	97,2
TUNISIA	1991	294 000	55 000	6 000	355 000	90,7
TURKEY	1994	3 806 511	263 849	386	4 070 746	74,0
TURKMENISTAN	1993	-	-	-	1 300 000	-
UNITED ARAB EM.	1993	25 382	3 748	37 552	66 682	81,7
YEMEN	1994	382 450	350	400	383 200	-
NEAR EAST REGION					45 618 122
for 18 countries (ha)		18 312 925	2 291 544	300 019	20 904 488	84,2
for 18 countries (%)		87,6	11,0	1,4	100,0
* Cyprus: Figures refer to the government controlled area.

TABLE 18
Origin of irrigation water in the Near East Region
	FULL OR PARTIAL CONTROL IRRIGATION: Equipped area
COUNTRY	Year	Total	Origin of irrigation water
		area	surface water	groundwater	non-conv. water
		ha	%	%	%
		(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
AFGHANISTAN	1967	2 385 740	84,6	15,4	0,0
ALGERIA	1992	445 500	-	-	-
BAHRAIN	1994	3 165	0,0	86,4	13,6
CYPRUS *	1994	39 545	48,2	51,3	0,5
DJIBOUTI	1989	674	0,0	100,0	0,0
EGYPT	1993	3 246 000	95,4	4,5	0,1
IRAN	1993	7 264 194	49,9	50,1	0,0
IRAQ	1990	3 525 000	93,8	6,2	0,0
JORDAN	1991	64 300	39,7	54,6	5,7
KUWAIT	1994	4 770	0,0	61,0	39,0
KYRGYZSTAN	1990	1 072 600	99,8	0,2	0,0
LEBANON	1993	87 500	54,3	45,7	0,0
LIBYA	1990	470 000	-	-	-
MALTA	1990	763	0,0	63,3	36,7
MAURITANIA	1994	49 200	90,4	9,6	0,0
MOROCCO	1989	1 093 200	68,3	31,1	0,6
OMAN	1993	61 550	0,0	100,0	0,0
PAKISTAN	1990	14 327 000	66,0	34,0	0,0
QATAR	1993	12 520	0,0	94,2	5,8
SAUDI ARABIA	1992	1 608 000	3,2	95,6	1,2
SOMALIA	1984	50 000	-	-	-
SUDAN	1995	1 900 000	96,0	4,0	0,0
SYRIA	1993	1 013 273	39,8	60,2	0,0
TAJIKISTAN	1992	718 000	91,6	8,4	0,0
TUNISIA	1991	355 000	37,3	60,7	2,0
TURKEY	1994	4 070 746	83,5	16,5	0,0
TURKMENISTAN	1993	1 300 000	-	-	-
UNITED ARAB EM.	1993	66 682	0,0	100,0	0,0
YEMEN	1994	383 200	0,0	100,0	0,0
NEAR EAST REGION		45 618 122
for 25 countries		43 352 622	69,0	30,9	0,1
* Cyprus: Figures refer to the government controlled area

TABLE 19
Salinization and drainage in the Near East Region
	Year	Area under	Area salinized		Drained
COUNTRY		irrigation	by irrigation		area
		ha	ha	%	ha	%
		(1)	(2)	100*(2)/(1)	(3)	100*(3)/(1)
AFGHANISTAN	1967	2 385 740	-	-	-	-
ALGERIA	1992	555 500	-	-	-	-
BAHRAIN	1994	3 165	1 065	33,6	1 300	41,1
CYPRUS *	1994	39 938	-	-	-	-
DJIBOUTI	1989	674	-	-	-	-
EGYPT	1993	3 246 000	1 210 000	37,3	2 931 000	90,3
IRAN	1993	7 264 194	2 100 000	28,9	40 000	0,6
IRAQ	1990	3 525 000	-	-	-	-
JORDAN	1991	64 300	2 277	3,5	4 000	6,2
KUWAIT	1994	4 770	4 080	85,5	2	0,0
KYRGYZSTAN	1990	1 072 600	123 400	11,5	149 200	13,9
LEBANON	1993	87 500	-	-	10 800	12,3
LIBYA	1990	470 000	-	-	-	-
MALTA	1990	763	-	-	-	-
MAURITANIA	1994	49 200	-	-	12 784	26,0
MOROCCO	1989	1 258 200	-	-	-	-
OMAN	1993	61 550	-	-	-	-
PAKISTAN	1990	15 729 448	-	-	5 100 165	32,4
QATAR	1993	12 520	-	-	-	-
SAUDI ARABIA	1992	1 608 000	-	-	44 000	2,7
SOMALIA	1984	200 000	-	-	-	-
SUDAN	1995	1 946 200	-	-	-	-
SYRIA	1993	1 013 273	60 000	5,9	273 030	26,9
TAJIKISTAN	1992	718 000	-	-	-	-
TUNISIA	1991	385 000	-	-	162 000	42,1
TURKEY	1994	4 185 910			3 143 000	75,1
TURKMENISTAN	1993	1 300 000	598 000	46,0	-	-
UNITED ARAB EM.	1995	66 682	-	-	-	-
YEMEN	1994	481 520	-	-	-	-
NEAR EAST REGION		47 735 647
* Cyprus: Figures refer to the government controlled area

TABLE 20

The Near East Region compared to the world
Variable	Unit	World	Near East	Near East as
			Region	% of World
Total area	km^2	134 223 000	18 486 000	13,8
Total population 1995	inhabitants	5 716 407 000	561 461 000	9,8
Population growth 1985-95	%/year	1,7	3,0	176,5
Population growth 1994-95	%/year	1,5	2,7	180,0
Population density	inhabitants/km^2	43	30	71,3
Precipitation	km^3/year	110 000	3 848	3,5
Renewable water resources:
Total	km^3/year	40 000	885	2,2
Per inhabitant	m^3/year	6 997	1 577	22,5
Water withdrawal:
- agricultural	km^3/year	2 236	467	20,9
- % of total	%	69	91	132,3
- domestic	km^3/year	259	25	9,6
- % of total	%	8	5	61,1
- industrial	km^3/year	745	20	2,6
- % of total	%	23	4	16,6
Total water withdrawal	km^3/year	3 240	512	15,8
- in % of renewable water resources	%	8	58	713,5
- per inhabitant *	m^3/year	660	964	146,1
Irrigation	hectares	246 408 529	47 735 647	19,4
* The figure for the 'World' refers to the population in 1990, the figure for the 'Near East region' refers to the population in 1993.